A.
Definition of Diarrhea
Diarrhea
disease is a disease with signs of a change in form and consistency
of stools, which become soft until melted and increased frequency of
stools more than normal (3 times or more in one day).
B. Causes of Diarrhea
Infection by bacteria, viruses or parasites.
Allergies to certain foods or drugs.
excess vitamin C and is usually accompanied by abdominal pain, and sometimes nausea and vomiting
Infection by bacteria or viruses that accompany other diseases such as measles, ear infections, throat infections, malaria, etc..
Artificial Sweeteners
C. Transmission of Diarrhea
Diarrheal disease transmission is contact with the feces of an infected person, such as:
Foods and beverages that have been contaminated, either already contaminated by insects or contamination by dirty hands.
Play with toys that are contaminated, especially in infants often include hand / toy / whatever into the mouth. Because the virus can survive on the surface of the air until a few days.
The use of contaminated water sources and water do not cook properly
Washing and the use of unclean milk bottles.
Not washing hands thoroughly after defecation or cleaning the feces of infected children, thus contaminating the furniture and equipment held.
D. Physiology of Diarrhea
Pathophysiological basis of the occurrence of diarrhea was reduced absorption or increased secretion.
The underlying mechanisms are:1. Secretory mechanism
secretory diarrhea caused by water and electrolyte secretion into the intestine. This happens, when the absorption of sodium by the villi fail whereas chloride secretion in epithelial cells persist or increase. If the diarrhea infection basic principle is the ability of the bacteria release toxins that act as receptors to attach to the enterocytes, enterocyte membrane damage and then destroy the membrane of enterocytes, activating intracellular enzymes resulting in increased secretion, resulting in secretory diarrhea. But if there is damage to enterocytes, then in addition to secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea may also occur depending on the degree of damage.
2. Osmotic Mechanism
Osmotic diarrhea occurs because the maximum food digests, due dariinsufisiensi enzyme. Partially digested food, and the rest will cause the distal intraluminal osmotic load. This triggers the movement of intravascular fluid into intraluminal, resulting in okumulasi fluids and food scraps. Food waste in the colon will be didecomposisi by colonic bacteria into short chain fatty acids, hydrogen gas danlain on. Presence of food ingredients that have been didecomposisi causes colonic intraluminal osmotic pressure will increase even more, so that some fluid will be attracted back to the intraluminal colon resulting in osmotic diarrhea.
General Occurrence of Diarrhea
In the large intestine water and electrolyte absorption. Diarrhea is most commonly caused by viral infection but also often the result of bacterial toxins. At the time there are bacteria or toxins that enter with food, the colon will secrete water into the intestinal lumen, causing dilution. In the sigmoid distension, although the number will give just a little stool so it will go into the rectum and cause excitatory defecation.
B. Causes of Diarrhea
Infection by bacteria, viruses or parasites.
Allergies to certain foods or drugs.
excess vitamin C and is usually accompanied by abdominal pain, and sometimes nausea and vomiting
Infection by bacteria or viruses that accompany other diseases such as measles, ear infections, throat infections, malaria, etc..
Artificial Sweeteners
C. Transmission of Diarrhea
Diarrheal disease transmission is contact with the feces of an infected person, such as:
Foods and beverages that have been contaminated, either already contaminated by insects or contamination by dirty hands.
Play with toys that are contaminated, especially in infants often include hand / toy / whatever into the mouth. Because the virus can survive on the surface of the air until a few days.
The use of contaminated water sources and water do not cook properly
Washing and the use of unclean milk bottles.
Not washing hands thoroughly after defecation or cleaning the feces of infected children, thus contaminating the furniture and equipment held.
D. Physiology of Diarrhea
Pathophysiological basis of the occurrence of diarrhea was reduced absorption or increased secretion.
The underlying mechanisms are:1. Secretory mechanism
secretory diarrhea caused by water and electrolyte secretion into the intestine. This happens, when the absorption of sodium by the villi fail whereas chloride secretion in epithelial cells persist or increase. If the diarrhea infection basic principle is the ability of the bacteria release toxins that act as receptors to attach to the enterocytes, enterocyte membrane damage and then destroy the membrane of enterocytes, activating intracellular enzymes resulting in increased secretion, resulting in secretory diarrhea. But if there is damage to enterocytes, then in addition to secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea may also occur depending on the degree of damage.
2. Osmotic Mechanism
Osmotic diarrhea occurs because the maximum food digests, due dariinsufisiensi enzyme. Partially digested food, and the rest will cause the distal intraluminal osmotic load. This triggers the movement of intravascular fluid into intraluminal, resulting in okumulasi fluids and food scraps. Food waste in the colon will be didecomposisi by colonic bacteria into short chain fatty acids, hydrogen gas danlain on. Presence of food ingredients that have been didecomposisi causes colonic intraluminal osmotic pressure will increase even more, so that some fluid will be attracted back to the intraluminal colon resulting in osmotic diarrhea.
General Occurrence of Diarrhea
In the large intestine water and electrolyte absorption. Diarrhea is most commonly caused by viral infection but also often the result of bacterial toxins. At the time there are bacteria or toxins that enter with food, the colon will secrete water into the intestinal lumen, causing dilution. In the sigmoid distension, although the number will give just a little stool so it will go into the rectum and cause excitatory defecation.
E. Mechanism of Diarrhea
bacteria or toxins (poisons) into intestinum Crassum → → intestinum Crassum initially absorb water and minerals are transformed into secreting water to dilute the existing levels of toxins in the colon → liquid stool into the sigmoid colon → → → recktum Sphingterani internus musculus touch and stimulate defecation . But Sphingterani externus musculus still could hold so that we can determine when we have a bowel movement. And this happens continuously until the toxin in intestinum Crassum out.
F. Symptoms of Diarrhea
Symptoms are usually found defecate constantly accompanied by nausea and vomiting. But other symptoms that can arise include stiffness in your back, and belly rings.
G. Advantages and Disadvantages of Diarrhea
Diarrhea advantages:
As the body's defense
Can remove toxins and bacteria in the colon there Yeng
Loss Diarrhea:
Dehydration
Feel uncomfortable
Body felt weak
H. Diarrhea disease prevention
- Hygienic food preparation
- The provision of clean drinking water
- Wash hands before eating
- Defecate in place (WC, toilet)
- Fight flies that do not attacked the food
- A healthy environment
I. Treatment of Diarrhea
Treatment of diarrhea is actually a very simple thing, especially if we had known how to sanitation and hygiene (cleanliness) is good. When a person is stricken with diarrhea, there are some things you can do to alleviate the disease so that helps resolve diarrhea.
But avoid milk or juice (juice) especially if it is not pasteurized. This will exacerbate the treatment of diarrhea.
During the treatment of diarrhea try to avoid greasy or fatty foods. Infants and children should be encouraged to eat bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast - is called the BRAT diet - a combination used for decades to treat diarrhea. If the treatment of diarrhea accompanied by nausea, avoid alcohol and spicy foods for several days.
Continue normal activities carried out if the treatment of diarrhea but avoid strenuous exercise until you feel better because it increases the risk of dehydration, this will really help the treatment of diarrhea is done
J. Bibliography
http://turunberatbadan.com/1457/pengobatan-diare-mengatasi-diare/
http://www.infoibu.com/tipsinfosehat/diare.htm
http://www.pojok-vet.com/Pet-Animals/diare.html
http://www.anneahira.com/pencegahan-penyakit/diare.htm
http://medicastore.com/diare/penyebab_diare.htm
http://dr-suparyanto.blogspot.com/2010/01/fisiologi-sistem-digestivus-pencernakan.html
http://obattradisionalplus.com/penyakit-diare/
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